Used to determine the "swell pressure"—the vertical stress required to prevent a soil specimen from swelling when it is inundated with water.
ASTM D4546-21 describes three alternative test methods to measure the magnitude of (volume increase) or collapse (sudden volume decrease upon wetting) of soils when subjected to changes in water content under one-dimensional (vertical) loading conditions. Astm D4546-21 Pdf
The is a copyrighted document. While summary information is available through ASTM International, the full technical manual must typically be purchased or accessed through a professional subscription. Used to determine the "swell pressure"—the vertical stress
The percentage of expansion that occurs under a very low nominal pressure ( Astm D4546-21 Pdf
How the soil behaves under load after it has been saturated. Test Methods Included
The collapse pressure of pipe is an important factor in designing and installing sewer systems, as it affects the structural integrity and performance of the pipe.