is employed. Elements identified as liquid or air are assigned a negligible Young’s Modulus ( ) and Poisson's ratio (
"Hot cracking" (or solidification cracking) occurs during the cooling phase of welding, casting, or additive manufacturing. Though distinct from the "HYDRO" product line's primary focus, the underlying solver provides these capabilities: flow 3d hydro crack hot
✅ Understand how crack networks affect internal erosion, uplift forces, and overall structural stability – critical for aging infrastructure risk assessment. is employed
To get accurate results when searching for solutions, follow these rules: To get accurate results when searching for solutions,
To prevent computational divergence at the interface of solid and non-solid regions, the Quiet Element Method (QEM)
| Feature | How It Helps | |---------|----------------| | | Models molten metal or hot fluid motion, including turbulence and free surfaces. | | Heat transfer & solidification | Tracks temperature gradients, latent heat release, and solid fraction evolution — critical for predicting hot crack susceptibility. | | Thermal stress coupling | Optional structural solver (or exported thermal loads) to compute thermally induced strains. | | Non-Newtonian viscosity | Captures rheology of semi-solid alloys, where hot cracks typically form. | | Porosity & feeding flow | Detects regions of poor liquid feeding that lead to shrinkage porosity — often linked to hot cracks. |